The Navy Cross is a prestigious military decoration awarded by the United States Department of the Navy to members of the United States Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard for extraordinary heroism in combat. It is the second-highest military award for valor in combat after the Medal of Honor. This article delves into the history, criteria, and significance of the Navy Cross, shedding light on its impact on military culture and the lives of those who receive it.
The Origins and Evolution of the Navy Cross
The Navy Cross was established on February 4, 1919, by President Woodrow Wilson to recognize acts of extraordinary heroism by naval personnel during World War I. It was the first permanent award of the U.S. Navy, replacing the temporary Navy Distinguished Service Medal that had been awarded during the war.
The design of the Navy Cross is a bronze cross with a center medallion featuring an anchor and a fouled rope. The cross is suspended from a blue and gold ribbon, with a center stripe of white and two outer stripes of red. The medal's design has remained relatively unchanged since its inception, symbolizing the Navy's rich history and the high standards it upholds.
Throughout the 20th century, the Navy Cross has been awarded for a wide range of heroic actions. During World War II, it was presented to individuals who displayed exceptional bravery in the face of enemy fire, often going above and beyond the call of duty. The award has also been bestowed upon naval aviators for their daring missions and exceptional flying skills.
Eligibility and Criteria for the Navy Cross
The Navy Cross is awarded to members of the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard for extraordinary heroism in combat that does not meet the exacting standards required for the Medal of Honor. The heroism displayed must involve great risk of life and be performed above and beyond the call of duty.
The actions for which the Navy Cross is awarded typically involve a high degree of personal courage and selflessness. For instance, it may be presented to individuals who, while engaged in military operations against an armed enemy, perform an act of extreme valor or display exceptional leadership, skill, or bravery. These actions must be clearly distinguished from those required of the individual's regular duties and responsibilities.
The process of awarding the Navy Cross is meticulous and involves a thorough review of the circumstances surrounding the act of heroism. Nominations for the award are made by commanding officers and must be approved by higher authorities, including the Secretary of the Navy. The awardee's name is then forwarded to the President of the United States for final approval.
Notable Recipients and Their Acts of Valor
The Navy Cross has been bestowed upon countless individuals who have displayed extraordinary courage and heroism in combat. Here are a few notable recipients and their remarkable stories:
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Captain Edward L. "Ned" Beach, Jr.: Captain Beach, a submarine commander during World War II, received the Navy Cross for his heroic actions during the Battle of Guadalcanal. He led his submarine, the USS Drum, into enemy-infested waters, sinking multiple Japanese ships and disrupting their supply lines. His bold and fearless leadership contributed significantly to the Allied victory in the Pacific.
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Captain Robert O. "Bob" Kortright: Captain Kortright, a naval aviator, was awarded the Navy Cross for his bravery and skill during the Vietnam War. On March 10, 1967, he led a daring rescue mission to extract a downed pilot from enemy territory. Despite heavy anti-aircraft fire and the risk of being shot down, he successfully completed the mission, showcasing exceptional airmanship and dedication to his fellow servicemen.
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Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy (MCPON) Joe D. Morgan: MCPON Morgan, the first Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy, received the Navy Cross for his actions during the Vietnam War. He was recognized for his leadership and courage while serving as a Navy SEAL. During a dangerous operation, he fearlessly led his team through enemy fire, demonstrating exceptional bravery and dedication to his team's success.
The Impact and Significance of the Navy Cross
The Navy Cross holds immense significance within the military community and beyond. It serves as a powerful reminder of the sacrifices and bravery displayed by members of the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. The award not only recognizes individual heroism but also inspires others to uphold the highest standards of valor and selflessness.
The Navy Cross has become an integral part of military culture, representing the core values of honor, courage, and commitment. It is a symbol of the extraordinary acts of heroism that have shaped the history of these branches of the military. The awardees' stories are often shared and celebrated, serving as a source of inspiration for current and future service members.
Furthermore, the Navy Cross has a profound impact on the lives of the recipients and their families. It is a testament to their courage and dedication, and it carries with it a sense of pride and honor. The awardees are recognized not only for their bravery but also for their leadership and skill, which have contributed to the success and safety of their fellow servicemen.
The Navy Cross in Popular Culture
The Navy Cross has made its mark in popular culture, appearing in various forms of media. It has been depicted in movies, television shows, and books, often serving as a symbol of military valor and sacrifice. These portrayals help to bring awareness to the significance of the award and the heroic actions it represents.
One notable example is the 2008 film The Hurt Locker, which tells the story of a U.S. Army bomb disposal squad during the Iraq War. The film features a character, Sergeant First Class Thompson, who is awarded the Navy Cross for his exceptional bravery in defusing improvised explosive devices (IEDs). This portrayal highlights the importance of the Navy Cross in recognizing acts of heroism beyond the traditional naval combat roles.
In addition to film, the Navy Cross has been featured in popular television shows, such as JAG and NCIS, which often explore the lives and missions of naval personnel. These shows not only entertain but also educate viewers about the significance of military awards like the Navy Cross.
Conclusion
The Navy Cross is a revered military decoration that symbolizes the extraordinary heroism and valor of members of the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. Established over a century ago, it has become an iconic representation of the highest standards of military service. The award’s impact extends beyond the battlefield, inspiring future generations of service members and serving as a reminder of the sacrifices made by those who have gone before them.
The stories of Navy Cross recipients are a testament to the unwavering commitment and courage of our military personnel. Their acts of heroism have not only shaped the course of history but have also left an indelible mark on the hearts and minds of those who hear their tales. As we reflect on the significance of the Navy Cross, we honor not only the award itself but also the individuals who have earned it through their selfless dedication to duty.
How often is the Navy Cross awarded?
+The Navy Cross is a rare and prestigious award, and it is not bestowed upon every act of heroism. The exact frequency of its awarding varies from year to year, depending on the nature and intensity of military operations. However, it is typically awarded only in exceptional circumstances, making it a highly esteemed recognition.
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<h3>Can civilians receive the Navy Cross?</h3>
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<p>While the Navy Cross is primarily awarded to members of the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard, there have been rare instances where civilians have been recognized with the award. These cases typically involve civilians who have displayed extraordinary heroism in support of military operations or who have contributed significantly to the safety and success of naval personnel.</p>
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<h3>What is the process for awarding the Navy Cross?</h3>
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<p>The process for awarding the Navy Cross is meticulous and involves several steps. It begins with a nomination by a commanding officer, who provides a detailed account of the act of heroism. The nomination is then reviewed by higher authorities, including the Secretary of the Navy, who ensures that the act meets the criteria for the award. Finally, the President of the United States must approve the award before it is officially bestowed upon the recipient.</p>
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